Construction of the Berlin Wall began on August 13, 1961. Its purpose was to prevent East Germans leaving the country. The German Democratic Republic was haemorrhaging skilled labour since the establishment of the state in October 1949.
The GDR authorities referred to it as the Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart. A similar style language that Vladimir Putin uses today to justify the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The Berlin Wall came down in 1989 and Germany was reunited in October 1990. There was a hefty discussion as to whether Germany was united or reunited. And then there was great care to fix the date of reunification so that it would not clash with any of Germany’s bad days in history.
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